Europe- Page 24

The FINANCIAL -- General government expenditure on recreation, culture and religion in the European Union (EU) was 1.0 % of GDP in 2016, unchanged from 2015.

The FINANCIAL -- EU exports and imports of medicinal and pharmaceutical products grew almost every year between 2002 and 2017, reaching EUR 156 billion and EUR 77 billion respectively in 2017.

The FINANCIAL -- Resource productivity quantifies the relationship between the size of the economy and the use of natural resources. The value of resource productivity will increase if the economy, measured by GDP, is growing at a faster rate than the consumption

The FINANCIAL -- Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are long-term contractual arrangements between a government body and a non-government partner, usually for public service building projects.

The FINANCIAL -- In July 2018, compared with June 2018, industrial producer prices rose by 0.4% in the euro area (EA19) and by 0.3% in the EU28, according to estimates from Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union.

The FINANCIAL -- The euro area (EA19) seasonally-adjusted unemployment rate was 8.2% in July 2018, stable compared with June 2018 and down from 9.1% in July 2017. This is the lowest rate recorded in the euro area since November 2008.

The FINANCIAL -- Between 2000 and 2017, prices in the EU have risen by 36 % overall.

The FINANCIAL -- A fall in the amount of usable floor area specified in new building permits can be an early warning of an impending economic crisis.

The FINANCIAL -- The proportion of money households are saving can be measured through the household saving rate, defined as gross household saving divided by gross disposable income.

The FINANCIAL -- The United Nations' sustainable development goal (SDG) 9 ‘Industry, innovation and infrastructure’ calls for the construction of resilient and sustainable infrastructure, which supports sustainable development and human wellbeing.